Probability Exercice

MTH3301 Fall 2012 Practice problems Counting 1. A closet contains 6 di? erent pairs of shoes. Five shoes be drawn at ergodic. What is the luck that at least integrity pair of shoes is obtained? 2. At a camera factory, an inspector checks 20 cameras and ? nds that three of them indispensableness adjustment in the first place they stooge be shipped. Another employee c arless(prenominal)ly mixes the cameras up so that no one k forthwiths which is which. Thus, the inspector must recheck the cameras one at a quantify until he locates all the bad ones. (a) What is the fortune that no more than 17 cameras need to be rechecked? b) What is the chance that exactly 17 must be rechecked? 3. We fancy permutations of the force ABACADAFAG. How some permutations are there? How more of them dont concur any A conterminous to other A? How many of them have at least 2 As next to severally other? 4. A monkey is typing random numerical strings of length 7 employ the digits 1 through 9 (not 0). Call the digits 1, 2, and 3 lows, call the digits 4, 5, and 6 mids and digits 7, 8 and 9 gameys. (a) How many di? erent strings female genitalia he type? (b) How many of these strings have no mids? c) How many of these strings have only one high-pitched in them? For example, the string 1111199 has two highs in it. (d) Whats the luck that a string starts with a low and ends with a high? (e) Whats the hazard that a string starts with a low or ends with a high? (f) Whats the prospect that a string doesnt have at least one of the digits 1 through 9? 5. School of prospect and Statistics (SPS) at IUA University has 13 male Maroc profs, 8 female Moroccan professors, and 12 nonMoroccan professors. A delegacy of 9 professors needs to be found for a task. a) How many committees can be made? (b) Whats the fortune 1 that the committee contains 2 Moroccan women, 3 Moroccan men, and 4 non-Moroccans? (c) Whats the probability that the committee contains exactly 4 nonMoroccans? (d) Whats the probability that the committee contains at least 4 nonMoroccans? (e) Whats the probability that the committee does not contain any Moroccan men? Conditional Probability, mouth Theorem 1. Before the distribution of certain statistical software every tail compact disk (CD) is tested for accuracy.The testing process consists of running quadruplet independent programs and checking the results. The failure rate for the 4 testing programs are, respectively, 0. 01, 0. 03, 0. 02 and 0. 01. (a) What is the probability that a CD was tested and failed any test? (b) Given that a CD was tested, what is the probability that it failed program 2 or 3? (c) In a sample of 100, how many CDs would you expect to be rejected? (d) Given a CD was defective, what is the probability that it was tested? 2. A regional telephone confederation operates three relay points at di? rent locations. During a yearly period, the piece of malfunctions describe by each station and the causes are sh s ustain under Station Problems with electricity supplied Computer malfunction Malfunctioning electrical equipment Caused by other human errors A 2 4 5 7 B 1 3 4 7 C 1 2 2 5 Suppose that a malfunction was reported and it was found to be caused by other human errors. What is the probability that it came from station C? 3. Police plan to enforce speed limits by development radar traps at 4 di? erent locations within the city limits.The radar traps at each of the locations L1 , L2 , L3 , and L4 are operated 40%, 30%, 20%, and 30% of the time, and if a person who is speeding on his way to work has probabilities 2 0. 2, 0. 1, 0. 5 and 0. 2, respectively, of passing through these locations, what is the probability that he leave alone receive a speeding ticket? You can assume that the radar traps operate separately of each other. 4. totter A contains 6 red balls and 6 drear balls. Jar B contains 4 red balls and 16 green balls. A six-sided go on is thrown. If the die falls 6, a ball is elect at random from clash A.Otherwise, a ball is chosen from Jar B. If the chosen ball is red, what is the probability that the die fell 6? 5. The news spelled HUMOR by a person from the United States is spelled HUMOUR by a person from UK. At a party, two-thirds of the guests are from the United States and terzetto from UK. A randomly chosen guest writes the word, and a letter is chosen at random from the word as written. (a) If this letter is a U, what is the probability that the guest is from UK? (b) If the letter is an H, what is the probability that the guest is from UK? 6.Jar A contains two lightlessness balls, jar B contains two white balls, and jar C contains one ball of each color. A jar is chosen at random. A ball is drawn from the chosen jar and replaced then again a ball is drawn from that jar and replaced. If both drawings result in obtuse balls, what is the probability that a third drawing from the same jar will as well yield a black ball? 7. A jar contains 5 r ed balls and 10 blue balls. A ball is chosen at random and replaced. Then 10 balls of the same color as the chosen ball are added to the jar. A second ball is now chosen at random and seen to be red. What is the probability that the ? st ball was also red? Discrete Random Variables and their Cumulative distribution Functions and Probability quid Functions 1. A dice has 6 sides labelled 1 through 6, and the associated probabilities are a, b, c, d, e, and f respectively. Furthermore, you are told that P (1, 2, 3) = P (4, 5, 6). This die is tossed once and random variable X is twice the face respect that showed up. attend the pursuance questions about X 3 (a) What is the spew outer post of X? (b) have the cumulative distribution function of X. (c) make unnecessary heap the probability mass function of X. 2. A jar contains 10 balls, labelled 1 through 10.We will take 3 balls out of the jar. let B be the random variable that is the highest label among the 3 balls withdrawn. An swer the following questions about B (a) What is the puke space of B? (b) write in code p(b) for b = 3, 6, 10. (c) Calculate F (b) for b = 3, 6, 10. (d) Calculate P (B ? 8). 3. conceive a group of 5 blood donors, A, B, C, D, E, of whom only A and B have type O+. Blood samples will be taken from each donor in random order, until an O+ donor is reached. allow the random variable Y be the number of blood samples taken until an O+ individual is reached. (a) What is the range space of Y? b) Write win the probability mass function of Y. 4. A jar contains 15 balls, 10 of them red and 5 of them blue. Three balls are make cleaned and let R be the random variable that is the number of red balls in these 3 drawn. (a) What is the range space of R? (b) Write gloomy the prob. mass func. of R. (c) Write down the cumulative distr. func. of R. 5. A random variable Z has following range space and probability mass function 4 apprize -3 -2. 5 0 4 12 20 probability of this value 0. 1 0. 15 0. 05 0. 3 0. 3 0. 1 (a) Draw the line represent of this PMF. (b) Write down the CDF of Z and draw its graph. (c) Calculate P (Z). . later on all students have left the classroom, a probability professor notices that 4 copies of text book were forgotten behind. At the beginning of the next lecture, the professor distributes the 4 books in a completely random fashion to each of the four students who lef the books behind. allow X be the number of students who receive their own book. Determine the pmf of X. Hint Think of permutations of 4 symbols. 7. Let X be the number of tires on a randomly selected automobile that are underin? ated. Which of the following three p(x) functions is a legitimate pmf for X, and why are the other two not allowed? p(x) p(x) p(x) 0 0. 3 0. 4 0. 4 1 0. 2 0. 1 0. 1 2 0. 1 0. 1 0. 2 3 0. 05 0. 1 0. 1 4 0. 05 0. 3 0. 3 8. In our experiment, we pick a random permutation of 1234. Let X be the number of symbols that remained in their original places. For example, if the random permutation is 3214, X = 2. Find the pmf of X. 9. In our experiment, we type a random string of length 6 using only the earn A, B, C, D, E, X, Y, Z. Let R be the number of letters that are occuring more than once. So, for example, if the string is BAYEDA, R = 1. If string is DEBAZY, R = 0. If string is AABAXY, R = 1.If string is AABBXY, R = 2. (a) How many elements are there in the sample space of the experiment? (b) How many elements in the range space of R? 5 (c) Calculate pR (0). (d) Calculate pR (r) for r ? 4. 8 6 (8)(6)? 7? 6? 5? 4+(8)(6)? 7? 6? 5+(1)(4)? 7? 6+(8)(6)? 7+(8)(6) 1 3 1 5 1 6 . (e) Show that pR (1) = 1 2 6 8 Continuous Random Variables and their Cumulative Distribution Functions and Probability Distribution Functions 1. A college professor never ? nishes his lecture before the bell rings to end the period and always ? nishes his lectures within 2 minutes after the bell rings.Let X equal the time that elapses among the bell and end of the lecture and suppose the pdf of X is f (x) = kx2 0 0? x? 2 otherwise (a) Find the value of k. (b) What is the probability that the lecture ends within one minute of the bell ringing? (c) What is the probability that the lecture continues beyond the bell for between 60 and 90 seconds? (d) What is the probability that the lecture continues for at least 90 seconds beyond the bell? 2. The time X (in minutes) for a lab assistant to prepare the equipment for a certain experiment is believed to have a uniform distribution for values of X between 25 and 35. a) Write the pdf of X and sketch its graph. (b) What is the probability that the set time exceeds 33 min.? (c) Without computing it mathematically, what do you think is the mean value of X? (d) For any a such that 25 a a + 2 35, what is the probability that preparation time is between a and a + 2 minutes? 3. Consider the following pdf, where k and C are constants f (x) = kC k xk+1 0 6 x? C x 50 1 625 r If the propolis contentedness is less than 10 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 300 Dirhams per kilogram.If the propolis content is more than 40 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 200 Dirhams per kilogram (because of the too strong taste). If the propolis content is between 10 and 40 parts per thousand, the honey sells for 450 Dirhams a kilogram. Let the price of honey per kilogram be the random variable X. (a) Draw the pdf of R. (b) Determine the pmf of X. Continuous Functions of Continuous Random Variables 1. Let continuous random variable X have pdf fX (x). Let Y = X. Write FY (y) in terms of integral(s) of fX . 2. For more practice here, make sure you can do problems number 9 and 13 in Chapter 3 exercises in our text book. 8