Friday, December 27, 2019

Character Analysis the Chrysanthemums - 1220 Words

Amanda Garcia Mrs. Christopher Engl. 1302 April 15, 2013 Paper 1 Character Analysis â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck John Steinbeck was born in 1902 and lived during what is said to be the most troubled time in American history. Steinbeck was alive during the Dust Bowl paired with the Great Depression, which is believed to be the reason for his almost melancholiac tone in some of his works but he seemed a very diverse writer. Along with â€Å"The Chrysanthemums†, Steinbeck is the author of the well-known and famous novel turned movie The Grapes of Wrath, where he used a â€Å"documentary style†, says Cliff Lewis in his online article he named after Steinbeck. Moreover in his article, Lewis expresses some of the lingering secrets and†¦show more content†¦This con-artist is a master manipulator who took what he could and never intended on taking a second glance at this poor, unsuspecting, desperate housewife. The passion that the peddler had for making money is equal to that of Elisa’s intensity for her flowers, and for a point, this man, the mysteriously dangerous, tornado of a man, the begging pot repairman. Finally, the main attraction, Mrs. Elisa Allen, the thirty-five year old woman who seemed as if she was a lot stronger than she truly was. Really she was denying the fact that she was longing for attention, a passionate woman, who might have not been meant for the life she feels so trapped in. She channeled her aggression and love to her beautiful, carefully taken care of garden of chrysanthemums and sadly, for a moment the man who took advantage of her vulnerability. Elisa, being childless, grew and nurtured the flowers as a part of her, becoming one with the earth beneath her fingertips and creating life. An example of her expressing her careful meticulous planting system is a glimpse of the passion she had for her â€Å"work†. The point where the salesperson begins working his magic on her she nearly swoons, when speaking of her beloved precious chrysanthemums, â€Å"Oh beautiful. † her eyes shone† (5). Not only does she show passion for her plants, the reader begins to feel the energy be concentrated completely to the repairman. This woman almost gets fullyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Character Analysis of Elisa Allen in The Chrysanthemums747 Words   |  3 PagesCharacter Analysis of Elisa Allen in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck The Chrysanthemums, written by John Steinbeck, captures one day in the life of a woman who yearns for a more fulfilling life. Elisa is first portrayed as a woman whose tasks are exceeded by her abilities. As the day continues, a stranger briefly enters her life and, through manipulative words, fills her heart with hopes of change and excitement. We learn that these newly-found hopes are crushed when Elisa eventuallyRead More Character Analysis of Elisa Allen in The Chrysanthemums by Steinbeck1262 Words   |  6 PagesSteinbecks short story, The Chrysanthemums, feel Elisas flowers represent her repressed sexuality, and her anger and resentment towards men. Some even push the symbolism of the flowers, and Elisas masculine actions, to suggest she is unable to establish a true relationship between herself and another. Her masculine traits and her chrysanthemums are enough to fulfill her entirely. This essay will discuss an opposing viewpoint. Instead, it will argue that Elisas c hrysanthemums, and her masculine qualitiesRead MoreEssay on Analysis of The Chrysanthemums1139 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Chrysanthemums The short story The Chrysanthemums gives insight into the life of its author. John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California. The locale of the story is of key resemblance to the Salinas in which Steinbeck was born and bread. Salinas was a typical American small town, [differing] only in location and a few distinctive features (McCarthy 3). The protagonist of this story, Elisa Allen, also resembles Steinbecks first wife. SteinbeckRead MoreLiterary Analysis the Chrysanthemums1128 Words   |  5 PagesName Professor Course Date: Chrysanthemums: Literary Criticism At the turn of the 20th century, women were considered inferior to men: they were only required to stay at home, take care of households and children. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums†, as told by John Steinbeck, is a story of a woman during that period who tries to change the course of her destiny. In this story, the two-fold issues of femininity and symbolism play a critical part in explaining this helplessness. Steinbeck uses the narrativeRead More The Chrysanthemums Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s, The Chrysanthemums, was published in 1938 in a book of short stories, entitled The Long Valley. The Chrysanthemums has been a rather powerful draw for scholars because of its wide gap for interpretations and analysis of its main protagonist character, Elisa Allen and also the unique descriptions used to portray the deeper meaning behind the setting of the story. Themes of sexuality, oppression of women, as well as other numerous types of conflict portrayed in th is rather somberRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck982 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck. The story was originally published in 1937 before later being released as a part of his The Long Valley collection. This is an important story as it expresses women in a way that is more realistic, showing their true boredom, ambition, and capabilities. Some scholars interpreted this story differently, but C. Kenneth Pellow interprets it as â€Å"radically feministic.† The Great Depression was finally ending and women’s rights were risingRead MoreEssay on Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck1179 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck A symbol is an act, person, thing, or spectacle that stands for something else, by association a usually broader idea in addition to its own literal meaning (Cassill Bausch, 1728). John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums may seem as a story describing a simple day with the Allen couple. It begins with Elisa Allen working in her garden and her husband, Henry Allen, negotiating with two suited business men that want to purchase steers. TheyRead MoreProposal969 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis: Elisa Allen John Steinbeck has a very engaging mind. He not only makes people think when they read his work; he makes them think through a number of scenarios with his tales. I believe that looking at this story, you sense this woman, Elisa Allen, is a woman who is very unhappy with her life. The only satisfaction Elisa gets out of life is being in her garden with her family of chrysanthemums. Elisa is very unsettled with her life as a whole. She does not like being stuckRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story The Story Of An Hour Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesENC1102 T/R 5:40PM TO 9:00PM WOLFSON CAMP ANALYSIS OF FEMALE CHARACTERS IN â€Å"THE STORY OF AN HOUR† â€Å"HILLS LIKE WHITE ELEPHANTS† AND â€Å"THE CHRYSANTHEMUMS† JUAN FELIX CASTILLO BATISTA PROFESOR JOSEPH FALLAD This essay is an attempt to describe the females’ characters between three of the most powerful short stories I ever read. My goal is to describe and compare three different women, in theirRead MoreJohn Steinbeck2062 Words   |  9 Pageswrites short stories like â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† and â€Å"Flight†. In Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysthemums† Elisa Allen is married to a negligent ranch owner. While her husband works on the ranch, Elisa tends to her chrysanthemum garden daily. One day while tending to her garden, a charming tinker man pulls up to her in his wagon and tries to make a business transaction with her. Seeing that she is not interested, the tinker strikes up a conversation with Elisa about her chrysanthemums. In the end, the tinker takes

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Analysis Of The Poem War Is Hell - 1826 Words

Sandra Gonzalez Enix- 7th Hour War Is Hell 29 September 2014 Insert Title Here Hero. According to Webster’s New World Dictionary, a hero is defined as â€Å"any person, male or female, admired for courage, nobility, etc.† (Webster’s New World Dictionary, â€Å"hero 1†). Webster’s Pocket Dictionary, comparably, defines a hero as â€Å"a person of great courage, spirit, etc., especially one who has undergone great danger or difficulty† (Webster’s Pocket Dictionary, â€Å"hero 3†). Heroes are not born heroes. Yes, everyone is born with the ability to be a hero, but in time, they may or may not become one. In our society, heroes are greatly acclaimed in the media. Whenever some person takes a bullet for a loved one or saves a child from a burning building, there is a huge deal made about it, and they become known as heroes. But a person does not have to physically save someone’s life to be a hero. A hero can also be someone who simply stands up for what he or she believes. Much like At ticus Finch from To Kill a Mockingbird, a hero can be someone who knows what is right and does the right thing, even if he is ridiculed for doing so. Also, whether or not a person is a hero depends on the perspective of the person. For instance, a little girl may think her father is the greatest man alive, but her first grade classmate does not think so- instead, she thinks her father is a hero. The daughters of the man who is known for deterring United Airlines Flight 93 on September 11, 2001 definitely think him aShow MoreRelated Analysis of Satans Speech in in John Miltons Paradise Lost1010 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Satans Speech in Miltons Paradise Lost      Ã‚  Ã‚   John Miltons Paradise Lost is a work of enduring charm and value because of its theological conceptions, its beautiful language, and its updating of the epic to the modern worlds values. Book II of this epic poem opens with Satans speech to his minions in hell, proposing war on Heaven itself. In these first 44 lines, Satan is clearly established as epic hero, but at the same time is theologically/morally denounced by theRead Moresuicide in the trenches1614 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction : Siegfried Sassoon’s poem, Suicide in the trenches, successfully demonstrates conflict during a world war through its form, meaning and structure. a STEP-UP analysis clearly reveals the conflict conveyed in this poem. Subject matter: the poem is about the depression of a young soldier. The depression of this young soldier before he commits suicide is clearly displayed in the poem. At the start of the poem, the image of a happy, young, and perhaps rather naà ¯ve boy is placed beforeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Hollow Men753 Words   |  4 PagesA Short Analysis and Discussion for the piece: The Hollow Men In various occasions, the human race tends to make several mistakes throughout the span of their lives. In the poem, The Hollow Men, written by Thomas Stearns Eliot, is not exactly the most uplifting of poetic literature. Although, the poem does have some underlying value to its notion; it emphasizes moral values, responsibility, and a depiction of the aftermath of World War I. T.S. Eliot depicts the poem’s message into five sections;Read MoreInterpretation and Analysis: â€Å"Mr. Edwards and the Spider†1658 Words   |  7 Pagesgave rise to the so-called â€Å"confessional† school (â€Å"Robert Lowell†). Lowell was a conscientious objector during World War II and was sentenced to a year in prison. While teaching at Harvard from 1963 until his sudden death at the age of 60 in 1977, he was active in the antiwar movement against the Vietnam War (â€Å"Poets†). The poem â€Å"Mr. Edwards and the Spider,† a found poem, was first published in the Lowell’s Pulitzer Prize winning Lord Wearys Castle (1946). Although a footnote in the fifthRead MoreThe Wasteland by T.S. Eliot1017 Words   |  4 PagesT.S. Eliot’s most famous poem â€Å"The Wasteland,† a grim picture of post-war London is analyzed as being the most important poetic work of the twentieth century. The first glance at this poem leads one to the conclusion that the content of this piece is bleak and depressing. The assumption can be made that Eliot has diagnosed his society with a terminal disease, which he chooses to describe through his poem. After further analyzing â€Å"The Wasteland† it can be seen that out of the dust of this barren placeRead MoreCharles Bukowski: Cynical Critic1054 Words   |  5 Pages The poems of Charles Bukowski arose from the gutters of society, venting his personal experiences with a dark, but often humorous narrati ve. Despite his disgust towards social conformity and the American government, Bukowski is still generally considered an iconic figure in American literature. A contradiction to Bukowski’s anti-American opinions is made by his emphasis on the values of freedom and independence in his poems: yellow cab, I have shit stains in my underwear too, and quiet clean girlsRead MoreT.S. Eliots View of the Human Condition in The Hollow Men Essay856 Words   |  4 Pagesbackbone of modernist poetry, who wrote mostly about darkness, despair, and depression in life. He tried and succeeded to capture the torment of the world during World War 1 and World War II (Shmoop T.S. Eliot). Eliot’s view of the human condition is evident in â€Å"The Hollow Men† through the issues of fear, despair, and depression. The poem starts out with a couplet. The first line talks about a man who is dead. In the second line it talks about giving a penny to an old guy. Why does Eliot address thatRead More Analysis of Archibald Lampmans The City of the End of Things1531 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Archibald Lampmans The City of the End of Things       Iron Towers. Terrible flames.   Inhuman music, rising and falling.   Grim depths and abysses, where only night holds sway and gruesome creatures crawl before their awesome Master.   Through these disturbing images, and a masterful adaptation of the sonnet structure, Archibald Lampman summons forth The City of the End of Things.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The nameless City he creates is a place of mechanical slavery and despair, where NatureRead More Analysis of a Horses by Edwin Muir Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of a poem- Horses by Edwin Muir It is said that one should forget the past and live in the present It is said that one should forget the past and live in the present. However, Edwin Muir’s ‘Horses’ is a poem of past memories only. The interesting part is that it deals with many conflicts and issues which are prevalent even today. It is thus a bridge between the past and present and is expressed in the form of a piece of literature. Muir himself said that in writing about horsesRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Anthem For Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen937 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Anthem For Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen The first poem that I am to analyse is Anthem for Doomed Youth, written by Wilfred Owen. This poem is a sonnet. It has fourteen lines. In this poem, the first and fourth lines rhyme, as do the second and third. The first stanza is mainly about the battlefield, whereas the second stanza is more about the feelings of friends and family back at home. This poem starts off at a quick pace, and then slows down throughout

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Shadow Banking in China-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Write a report on "Shadow Banking In China". Answer: Introduction: Due to the tight regulations of the Chinese banking system, shadow banking system has grown rapidly in the nation. The current report would focus on the ways the Chinese banks are regulated. In addition, the concept of shadow banking system is discussed along with the reasons behind its rising growth in China. The third section would lay stress on highlighting the risks that shadow banking has on the Chinese economy. Finally, the report would shed light on whether the government of China needs to enforce strict policies in order to regulate or control shadow banking system within the nation. Ways of regulating the Chinese banks: China used to follow the monolithic banking system, since its central bank, the Peoples Bank of China (PBC) is the sole entity authorised to conduct operations in the nation. The banking system was introduced in 1980 and during that time, four specialised banks were established for accepting deposits and carrying out banking operations (Bottelier 2015). In 1994, the government had established three more banks for particular lending purpose and with the passage of time, it had established a dozen joint stock commercial banking institutions and above 100 city commercial banks to operate in the nation. The major regulatory body governing the banking system of China is the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) and it enforces the rules and regulations for governing banks in the nation. In addition, the body carries out investigations and oversight of banks, accumulates and releases banking system data, approves bank foundation or diversification along with saving liquidity and solvency issues (Elliott, Kroeber and Qiao 2015). In addition, the PBC has significant control over the banking system of the nation. PBC has an important role to play in minimising total risk along with promoting solidity of the financial system. Furthermore, PBC is involved in regulating foreign exchange and lending between banks along with supervising the settlement and payment system of the nation. Shadow banking and reasons behind its rapid growth in China: In the words of Hsu and Li (2015), shadow banking system could be defined as the financial intermediaries carrying out banking functions in the absence of access to liquidity of the central bank or credit guarantees of the public sector. This system denotes the unregulated activities that the regulated institutions perform as well. The primary reasons that shadow banking has grown rapidly in China are the following: Failure of export-led growth: The net export demand of China has fallen drastically to -10% of GDP in 2009 after the global financial crisis. For combating with the recessionary effects, it had initiated a stimulus plan of RMB 4 trillion (Huang 2015). Even though the macroeconomic conditions are maintained effectively, the debt burden of the economy had increased. A huge portion of such lending had passed through the channel of shadow banking. Financial exclusion: Since the commercial banks could not meet the rising need of SMEs credit, shadow entities have grown up in the form of investment firms, rural credit cooperatives, investment firms, pawn shops and loan organisations. However, these entities charge greater interest rates in contrast to the bank rates generating adequate profits and these are transferred again to the shadow banking system. Risks of shadow banking to the Chinese economy: There are four risks of shadow banking to the Chinese economy, which are elucidated as follows: Liquidity risk: When credit intermediation took place, long-term investments are lent to current liabilities. Hence, this could lead to mismatch of liquidity, which could result in systemic risk. This is because such entities are associated with formal banks (Li, Hsu and Qin 2014). Leverage risk: Since there is absence of any regulatory prohibition on shadow banks, the leverage would be greater. This could raise the stress in the real economy and financial system of China due to development of inflationary tendencies in the economy. Hence, the overall financial system might be fragile highly. Regulatory arbitrage: Due to the presence of tight regulations in the Chinese formal banking system in relation to sources of finance and use of public deposits, the shadow banks evade them by transferring the credit intermediation technique to less or no regulated areas of the financial system. Contagion risk: Since there is strong linkage of the formal banking system with sides of assets and liabilities, the risk related to spread contagion is extremely high at times of uncertainty or loss of confidence (Li 2014). Necessity of governmental actions in regulating or controlling shadow banking: It is necessary for the Chinese government to regulate shadow banking for minimising the associations between capital markets and commercial banks. The commercial banks need include off-balance sheet exposures in its statement of financial position at a minimum rate per quarter (Lu et al. 2015). The trust companies are required to calculate risk capital for the trust loans that the banks have issued and loans obtained via notes and mandate financing need to be abolished. The Chinese government could make efforts to include the shadow banks in the formal system through conversion of underground shadow banks into local banks for meeting the requirements of SMEs (Wei 2016). Finally, CBRC could ask the banks to clear their pools of assets for adopting standalone accounting on the plans of financial management. Conclusion: Based on the above evaluation, it could be stated that China follows the monolithic banking system, in which PBC and CRBC comprise of the primary regulatory agencies governing the banking system of the nation. The reasons identified behind the expansion of shadow banking in China constitute of failure of export-led growth and financial exclusion. The major risks of the shadow banking system in China include liquidity risk, leverage risk, regulatory arbitrage and contagion risk. The primary intention would be to avoid the instability of the financial system of the nation and protection during inflationary times. Finally, it is necessary for the government of China to enforce strict control on the shadow banking system for minimising the associations between capital markets and commercial banks. References: Bottelier, P., 2015. Shadow banking in China.World Bank 1818H Association, Economics and Financial-Chapters [-EB/OLT.(2015-09-12) 2015-09-12. http.//siteresourees, worldbank, org/1818SOCIETY/Resources/Shadow_banking. pdf. Elliott, D., Kroeber, A. and Qiao, Y., 2015. Shadow banking in China: A primer.Brookings Institution,13. Hsu, S. and Li, J., 2015. The rise and fall of shadow banking in China.Political Economy Research Institute, Working Paper Series Number,375. Huang, R.H., 2015. The regulation of shadow banking in China: International and comparative perspectives.Banking Finance Law Review,30(3), p.481. Li, J., Hsu, S. and Qin, Y., 2014. Shadow banking in China: Institutional risks.China Economic Review,31, pp.119-129. Li, T., 2014. Shadow banking in China: expanding scale, evolving structure.Journal of Financial Economic Policy,6(3), pp.198-211. Lu, Y., Guo, H., Kao, E.H. and Fung, H.G., 2015. Shadow banking and firm financing in China.International Review of Economics Finance,36, pp.40-53. Wei, S., 2016.Shadow Banking in China: Risk, Regulation and Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Market for Coca cola company and its competitors Research Paper Example

Market for Coca cola company and its competitors Paper Coca cola is one of the worlds leading manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. This summary provides the overview of the content involved. Pepsi is the major competitor to Coca cola Company in the global market and we are all aware about the global cola wars between coca cola and PepsiCo which has become decidedly one sided. Coca cola outsells Pepsi 3:1 around over the world market. Pepsi was crushed many a times in the international market due to the Coca colas in-depth knowledge of marketing strategies and local community. The company spends nearly around 60% of its budget on the advertising projects. The popularity of coca cola can be summarized from the following facts: (1) During the year 1944-45 people addressed coke instead of coca cola, this revolution forced the company to introduce coca cola in the coke version and eventually it was a great success. (2) If all the coca cola ever produced were flowing over Niagara Falls at its normal rate of 1.5 million gallons per second instead of water, the falls would flow for 38 hours and 46 minutes. (3) Coca colas trademark was recognized by 94% of the worlds population and that is the word after OK. We will write a custom essay sample on Market for Coca cola company and its competitors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Market for Coca cola company and its competitors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Market for Coca cola company and its competitors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Coca colas better understanding of the local communities and the market makes the company to remain in the top position in the global market for soft drinks. Coca colas readiness to spend heavily on the marketing effort also helps the company compete and win over the market of soft drinks world wide. Coca cola boasts four of the worlds five leading soft drink brands coca cola, diet coke, sprite and fanta. Besides this coca cola participate and sponsors different types of events as a part of its strategies. As a part of greening of management it takes care of peoples health by having non-alcoholic soft drinks for example caffeine free coke and diet coke. Introduction: Coca cola was invented as a soft drink way back in 1886 by Dr. John Styth Pemberton, a pharmacist, in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. It was registered as a trademark in the year 1887. Since its commencement coca cola is being written in a Spenserians script on all of its products. Since then it produces more than 400 branded soft beverages and operates in over 200 countries around the world with its headquarter in Atlanta. Apart from branded beverages coca cola used its world famous brand name coca cola for 800 registered items such as toys, electronic games etc. These types of marketing strategies were by the company and eventually helped in the increase of the companys revenue. Coca cola believes that the heart and soul of their enterprise has always been the people or customers. It used excellent marketing strategies worldwide and became top in soft drink and beverages industry, sharing mostly half out of one in soft drink consumption around the global thirsty market. It properly understood the needs, wants and demands of the global people and framed its product to satisfy them and is almost a successful runner till date too. It is said that if the coca colas entire produced products were poured in to the famous contour bottles and placed end to end they would stretch to the moon and back 1045 times. The following are the other famous brand of coca cola other than its main brand. * Coke Diet coke * Fanta Diet fanta * Sprite Diet sprite * Caffeine Caffeine coke and diet coke * Lift Diet lift * Sprite ice (mint flavored soft drink) Coca colas focus on brand management, worldwide coverage and intense distribution and advertising makes it the worlds most leading and profitable soft drink company. (www.cocacola.com). The Needs, Wants and Demands: In order to understand the above topic it is very necessary to know and understand what is marketing? Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individual and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging product and value with others. (Kotler, Brown, Adam and Armstrong 2001). In short marketing is the delivering of customer value and satisfaction at a profit. It doesnt come into count that whether it is a profit or non profit organization marketing used everywhere. Coca Cola Company has got one of the largest, best-managed and exclusive marketing research operation units in USA, which really makes it the best marketer in beverages industry. * Definition of needs: According to Kotler and Armstrong (2001) 9th edition The most basic concept underlying marketing is that of human needs. They are very much complex in nature. These human needs are states of deprivation which include physical needs, social needs and individual needs. These needs were not invented by the marketers but are the basic part of human makeup. * Definition of wants: Wants are the form human needs take as they are shaped by the culture and individual personality Kotler-Armstrong 2001. These are shaped by ones society and are described in terms of objects that satisfy needs. For example a hungry person in Australia, Hong Kong or Singapore might want a hamburger, chips or coca cola. Where as a person in India might want mangoes, veg.burger and water. As people are getting exposed to more objects that arouse their interest and desire, the producers try to provide more want-satisfying products and services. For example with success of coca cola the producer expanded its brand and at present coca cola got more than 400 beverages product in the market. (Philip Kotler, 2001). * Definition of demand: The people have almost unlimited want but limited resources. The wants when backed by buying power, wants become demands. Consumer view product as bundles of benefits and choose product that give them the best bundle for their money. Given their wants and resources, people demand products with the benefits that add up to the most satisfaction. The demand depends on people to people with their affordability and desire or status. (Philip Kotler, 2001). Definition of Product: Product is a bundle of tangible and intangible attributes that a seller offers to the potential buyer and that satisfies they buyers needs or wants. (McColl-Kennedy, 1994). Any thing that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption to satisfy a want or need is a product. It includes physical objects services, persons, places organization and ideas. (Philip Kotler, 2001). Coca Cola Company produced consumer-oriented products. Coca Cola Company got the coca cola or coke soft drink, which is recognized worldwide. It got various beverages product ranging around 400 units. Its four products rank top among five viz coca cola, coke, diet coke, fanta and sprite. The four marketing Ps viz product, price, promotion and place have been utilized by the company for its branded products. There are three level of product, which can be best described from the following diagram given below: * Core product: Here the core product is coca cola and its other brand is which quenches thirst of human being. At present Coca Cola Company has got around 800 branded products other than beverages which are also satisfying different type of customer viz toys for children, trendy clothes for young generation etc. * Actual product: The Company got its brand name which is recognized world wide viz coca cola brand name is being recognized by 94% of the worlds population and that is word after OK. The qualities of the products are unmatchable and unquestionable. It maintains its matchless quality since its inception and the result is that it is the best in soft drink industries. * Augmented product: It includes giving dealership in local area, providing with fridge to the dealer and following up the after sales service and value added services. (Philip Kotler, 2001). * Operations review of the company For the 6 months ended 30/06/03, revenues increased 8% to $10.19 billion. Net income before accounting change increased 12% to $2.20 billion. Revenues reflect an increase in gallon shipments. Net income also reflects the inclusion of a $52 million litigation settlement (Coca Cola Company, 2003). The market of the Coca-Cola Company is virtually almost all over the world. The Company market can be divided into continents because thats where the company operates (The market is analysed on the basis of worldwide unit case volume by operating segment). Out of its 100% market, the highest market is in North America which 30%. The second highest market is in Latin America which is 24%. Third is Europe, Eurasia and Middle East which stands on 22%. Fourth is Asia which occupies 18% and last but not least Africa %. Market for Coca Cola Company: Coca Cola Company manufactures and sells/promote soft drinks and beverages so it has wide variety of market available to it. The following three markets can be best applied to the Coca Cola Company. * Mass market: In mass market the seller mass-produces, mass distributes and mass promotes one product to all buyers. At one time coca cola produced only one drink for the whole market, hoping it would appeal to everyone. Lowest costs, lowest price and large potential market are the main characteristic of mass market. * Product variety market: In product variety market seller produces more than one product that have different features, styles, quality, sizes and so on. In this case coca cola produced several soft drink packaged in different sizes and containers. They were designed for variety of buyers as the taste of buyers changes over time. * Target market: Here the company identifies market segments and selects one or more of them and develops products and marketing mixes tailored to each for example coca cola produced soft drinks for the sugared-cola segment, the diet segment (diet coke and coke light) the no caffeine segment and the non coke segment (sprite and lift). Market competition/ competitors of coca cola: Coca Cola Company uses Market Leaders Strategies to meet with its competitors and succeeded so far in it. As we all know that in the world of soft drinks and beverages coca cola enjoys the top position around the world, but like other companies it also faces stiff competition in the market. Its major competitors are PepsiCo, seven up, Dr. Pepper and new entrants are general foods and Nestle. But there is a major competition between coca cola and PepsiCo. This war is often known as cola war. Threat of substitutes. * The nature and level of competition: It would seem to be a simple task for a company to identify its competitors but coca cola knows that PepsiCo is its major competitor but the range of a companys actual and potential competitors is actually much broader. There is a cutthroat competition between the two. This competition is spread over regional, national and international level. But coca colas focus on brand management, worldwide coverage and intensive distribution and advertising its product nationally and internationally makes it the leading and most profitable soft drink company in the world. The coca cola company enjoys 3:1 ratio in the world market in soft drink industry. Other way round PepsiCo having recognized the potential soft drink market round the world started deadly marketing and gaining bit of popularity in country like India and Indonesia. The completion has reached to its culmination. For example if coca cola hire famous Indian cricketer Sachin tendulkar for its advertisement, the Pepsi will do the sam e by hiring Steve Waugh, the great Australian cricketer. In the early eighties Pepsi differentiated itself purely on price by giving slogan Twice as much for a nickel too and the resulting strategy was The Pepsi challenge. Along this Pepsi developed a more market-oriented perspective. It was the first to offer new sizes and packages. At that time coca cola was bit distributed and with its excellent marketing strategies strike back with full force and there emerged a diet coke from coca cola. * Competition on the basis of promotion: Both the companies are spending more and more in advertising their product. It is estimated that they spent nearly 60% of their budget on advertising. The annual spending on advertisements by the two companies is equal to one-day bread meal for the population of country like India. Both the company sponsors different events for example coca cola is with Olympic, Pepsi is official sponsor of Indian cricket team, coca cola participate in sprite street act in Australia, Pepsi participate in aids day and the list is end less. Both of them officially hire top players from different games. As a part of competition coca cola and Pepsi both gives wide variety schemes to their distributors world wide for example: refrigerators are being given to their distributors, tickets of different events and many more.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Why did the Allied victory occur in 1918 and not before Essay Example

Why did the Allied victory occur in 1918 and not before? Essay The First World War, at the time known as the War to end all wars, owes much of its horror and length to the slow and laborious aspect of the offensive during it, which makes it difficult to understand the precise reason for it finishing in an allied victory in 1918 and not in any of the previous years. Any number of events could have brought about the end of the war or the capitulation of one of the main protagonists, such as the Battle of the Somme, Verdun or even as early as the Battle of the Marne, but none did and in the end it was a very specific conjunction of events that set the cene for the final outcome, which we will study in this essay, focusing on the USAs late involvement in the war, the Central powers loss of momentum after they had thrown their last reserves into the fray, the culmination of the new technologies used and the disgust of war from many of the populations involved, which are all linked to each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did the Allied victory occur in 1918 and not before? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why did the Allied victory occur in 1918 and not before? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why did the Allied victory occur in 1918 and not before? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of the major factors of Germanys demise and more importantly of when it happened was instigated by Germany itself, which is the USAs involvement in the war. Indeed, when they decided in February 1917 to give the go-ahead for nrestricted submarine warfare, the tactic of destroying all ships, military or otherwise, going towards the British Isles, it was in full knowledge that it would in all likelihood bring the US into the war, as they had used this as their main term to not get involved earlier after the sinking of the Lusitania, but the German decided it was worth the risk to knock the British out of the war before any decisive action could be taken on the ground. This did not happen and the US did get involved with the additional incentive of the Zimmerman telegram trying to push Mexico into the war. The announcement of the USAs decision to enter the war on the allied side was made on the 6th April 1917 and it would eventually mean the downfall of the Central Powers. What the American intervention did in Europe was to set the clock ticking for Hindenburg and Ludendorff, as the Central Powers would have to come up with a way to win in the next 12-15 months . The allies knew that once the American troops arrived they would be able to use the numerical advantage the freshness of these new soldier to their advantage and the Germans, after several years of fghting ithout any reinforcements of this scale would struggle to contain them, and in the end that is exactly what happened. The fact that the arrival of the US into the war in 1917 does explain in that way the hurriedness that came into the war and why it finished at such a late date in, but it is curious in that the intervention could have heralded a much earlier victory, as it took almost two years for the end to come, but that can also be explained, as the soldiers did not arrive straight away. As the US did not have a large standing army, only 175. 000 at any time, they had to draft and train ecruits before they could be set over and this caused a delay. Add to that the delays caused by the news that Mexico was being courted by Germany to keep US out of Europe and the sinking of ships by the unrestricted submarine warfare, albeit a reduced number of them after the putting in place of the convoy system to protect ships, and it took a long time to arrive on the front and the bulk of the force only and be able to make a strong impact which would cause General Ludendorff to internally acknowledge the defeat in September and the peace agreement to be signed in November. Another country which contributed to the war ending at that precise moment was Russias withdrawal from it in 1917 after they had changed government through a socialist revolution and were on the brink of a crushing defeat from Germany, as it gave Germany the opportunity to move over one million troops to the western front from the east and accelerated events further. The troops gained from this move were some of the main protagonists in the ill-fated spring offensive of 1918 and meant that during the subsequent Allied counter attack, there were close to no troops available to be transferred to the defence, as all the German troops nvolved in the war had been used to attack France, with the few remaining being necessary in the South to protect Austro-Hungary from the Italian forces, who were still in the war even if they had suffered some serious defeats. The Russian defeat also meant that the idealists and socialist thinkers in the opposing armies finally had something to look to when they pushed for peace and an end to the war. These thoughts and wishes for peace were progressively gaining more and more followers in the conflict and it was the Germans which suffered from it most, especially at ome, as we will see later on in the essay. The German army itself and the balance of power between the two sides was also obviously a massive factor in the war lasting until the end of 1918 and not be over by Christmas as the British recruitment and the newspapers were convinced of at the start of the conflict. Throughout the war the two belligerent sides had traded the supremacy and advantage and, although they had not always been dominant, Germany had rarely been on the retreating side or been unable to trade blow with the allies and this lasted until early to mid-1918 with he Western powers taking a dramatic dominant position in the last 100 days of the conflict. Germany had always been able to use spare troops and their strategic positional advantage at certain locations to keep a certain strength in any battle, especially if they had used kept some of their forces in the reserve, but this changed when they put in place Operation Michael, the Spring offensive of the final year of the war as, aware that the arrival of American forces to the continent would give the allies an insurmountable advantage over them, they everything they had into a final offensive on the western front. Although it was extremely effective, especially due to the development of the new units known as Sturmtruppen, Storm troopers in English, used alongside creeping artillery barrage tactics, it slowed and faltered after the front line troops failed to be rotated in and out and became exhausted, the stretching of the supply line which could no longer reach the front lines, and the intensifying of Allied defences against a weakening enemy. Recovering from their defeats, the British and French troops, now combined to American reinforcements which were by now arriving at a rhythm of around 10. 0 troops a day, regrouped and launched their hundred day offensive on the depleted and disorganised army which faced them. Indeed, this was the first time since 1914 and the Battle of the Marne that the allies were able to achieve a decisive victory which pushed the Germans back over a long distance. Differently to the start of the war however, it did not turn back into a static war but became a war of movement, as well as profiting ever more until they could no longer sustain the defensive stance, meaning this was the first time they were in a position where they had no alternative but to surrender. Linked to this last push is the advancement in terms of technologies and tactics that occurred throughout the war and which contributed to the end of the war. As it drew on and the deadlock got steadily longer, both sides searched more and more for ways to break through enemy lines, with varying degrees of success, but in the end it became unsustainable to have trenches with the amount of new effective ways of getting round them as a problem. The changes started with weapons that would eliminate the enemy without taking the position outright, such as gas which the Germans tested first in 191 5 or improved artillery which both sides obtained through the war, but it got gradually more offensive and mobile, as with the use of tanks which was pioneered by the British and used in 1916 to debatable effect, or the use of assault troops like the German storm troopers which made trenches almost useless by the end of the war, given that both sides had come up with way of bypassing the problem. This translated itself into a need to return to more conventional tactics of previous wars which lasted much less time, causing the war to end at that time and not before when the deadlock could not be broken as easily and ertainly not over such distances as the ones covered by Allied troops during their devastating hundred day campaign offensive. It wasnt only on the battlefield that the victory was decided however, as there was also the home front in the countries involved, driving the government and the High Command to take certain decisions. As the war drew longer, there was a permanent need for more and more sacrifices on the part of the populations of the fghting countries as the industry suffered from the constant need of more ammunition and resources from the army, a need that was hown in October 1916 when the German government ordered for 20. 000 men a week to be deported from Belgium (Hardach, 1977, The First World War, 1914-1918, p. 8) as there was a shortage of skills labour to work in the armament factories, a sign that the local populations were having to work night and day to build weapons that would b then sent to the front and would not benefit the workers. These grievances came to a head late on in the war when the German people started demanding an end to the war and for better living conditions, which could not be given in the current circumstances. Even though there had been these conditions for a long time because of the conflict, the reason it happen at this particular moment and not earlier can be put down to two major reason: Firstly, the German industrial machine was struggling to keep up with the demands of the war, as its output had gone down to less than half of what it was before the war while the needs had, if anything, increased, meaning that the people were getting even less of what they produced and secondly, the winter of 1917 to 1918 was one of the worst on record, causing many people to die of frostbite or at the very least live in the constant cold, ringing them to a tipping point as the war went on. Added to that the spreading ideas of socialist revolution coming from the newly Communist Russia thanks to Germany and the people were close to breaking point. The ordinary people were not the only ones unhappy on the Home front for Germany, as it was also the case among the sailors stationed in the countrys Northern ports who had been stuck there and the battle of Jutland in 1916 behind a British blockade. Towards the end of the conflict, as the German forces were retreating from the Allied surge, there was a idden plan to attempt a final sea offensive, but when word somehow got the sailors, they rejected the idea and mutinied, almost rioting against their superiors. Although of course there had always been some discontent in the country from Pacifists and Communists, this was wave a protests came from such a wide range of sources that the government could do nothing and it coincided with an imminent German defeat whereas they had previously played off opposition by promising victory over the Allies. Naturally, the British and French were not immune to internal disorder, but hey were able to quell the unhappiness in their population more efficiently than their enemies and in their armies relatively so, even though the French were on the brink of a full uprising in their army directly after the Russian revolution and the peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The other main protagonist in the war, Austro-Hungary, was having similar problems to those of their ally, Germany, with the added complication of their country being a collection of different cultures and ethnic minorities who each wanted their own aims achieved and were therefore close to mpossible to appease. Many of these minorities which would go on to create their own nations after the defeat of the Central Powers and the collapse of the Austro- Hungarian Empire swathe war and the difficulties their country was facing to put forwards their own claims and ambitions and the government was unable to answer those and the exterior war as well. The calls for a change in regime from these interior agents echoed those in Germany and when the two rose in 1918 and the army was the struggling to maintain the war effort, they contributed to the Allied victory. To conclude, the end of the First World War has a great many factors, as do the causes for it ending at the specific time, the most important being the USAs involvement in the conflict at a crucial point to tip the advantage in favour of the Allies and Germany exhausting its strength in the months leading up to the peace agreement, but other factors also played a big part, such as the home front in Germany and Austro-Hungary collapsing while the ones in Britain and France were still functioning better, or Russia leaving the conflict which accelerated the unfolding of all the other factors.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Sports centre Essays

Sports centre Essays Sports centre Essay Sports centre Essay Paper round: as this is my job I kind of have to do this. The cycling helps to build up the leg muscles and improves the aerobic system. Could do time trials when on the way there and back and try to improve my time each day.  Afternoon  Go to the sports centre and first do a certain sport like badminton, racket ball or swimming etc as this will work on the aerobic system. After doing this go to the gym and do whichever circuit you have been given by the trainer. Should hopefully work on aerobic/cardiovascular system, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. Evening  Nothing: go and play with your friends or just rest!  Tuesday  Morning  Paper round: as this is my job I kind of have to do this. The cycling helps to build up the leg muscles and improves the aerobic system. Could do time trials when on the way there and back and try to improve my time each day.  Bike ride: aim to do 3 hours bike ride around Froyle, Bentley, Binsted etc (suggestions only) and pace yourself to reach the 3 hours. Dont worry about getting up to early because its a Saturday and your next activity is at 14:30; but dont forget lunch! Afternoon  Go to the park to play football or basketball at the park. This way you can enjoy yourself whilst doing an aerobic activity with some anaerobic working (sprints etc) could also go and find the boat and go rowing down the river and work on your upper body strength so undercuts will be easier to save. Row down to Binsted or further. Could also go cycling. Aim to be working for at least 4 hours. Evening  Weights: Firstly do 150 bicep curls, 15 sets of 10 reps as this will help with me stick and glove save. Next do 30 quad thrusts (I think thats what theyre called!) as this will help with my kick in hockey and let me clear the ball further and faster. Afterwards do 70 (7 sets of 10 reps) sit-ups with the 22 lb dumbbells as this will help keep the correct head, knee, tip-toe position throughout the whole match. Lastly do 40 (4 sets of 10 reps) press-ups as this will help with muscles around the arms and the arm muscles. Wednesday  Morning  Paper round: As this is my job, I kind of have to do this. The cycling helps to build up the leg muscles and improves the aerobic system. Could do time trials when on the way there and back and try to improve my time each day.  Afternoon  Go to the sports centre and first do a certain sport like badminton, racket ball or swimming etc as this will work on the aerobic system. After doing this go to the gym and do whichever circuit you have been given by the trainer. Should hopefully work on aerobic/cardiovascular system, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. Evening  Nothing: go and play with your friends or just rest!  Week 5: Fifth week  Thursday  Morning  Paper round: As this is my job, I kind of have to do this. The cycling helps to build up the leg muscles and improves the aerobic system. Could do time trials when on the way there and back and try to improve my time each day.  Bike ride: aim to do 3 hours bike ride around Froyle, Bentley, Binsted etc (suggestions only) and pace yourself to reach the 3 hours. Dont worry about getting up to early because its a Saturday and your next activity is at 14:30; but dont forget lunch! Afternoon  Go to the park to play football or basketball at the park. This way you can enjoy yourself whilst doing an aerobic activity with some anaerobic working (sprints etc) could also go and find the boat and go rowing down the river and work on your upper body strength so undercuts will be easier to save. Row down to Binsted or further. Could also go cycling. Aim to be working for at least 5 hours. Evening  Weights: Firstly do 150 bicep curls, 15 sets of 10 reps as this will help with me stick and glove save. Next do 40 quad thrusts (I think thats what theyre called!) as this will help with my kick in hockey and let me clear the ball further and faster. Afterwards do 90 (9 sets of 10 reps) sit-ups with the 22 lb dumbbells as this will help keep the correct head, knee, tip-toe position throughout the whole match. Lastly do 50 (5 sets of 10 reps) press-ups as this will help with muscles around the arms and the arm muscles. Friday  Morning  Paper round: as this is my job I kind of have to do this. The cycling helps to build up the leg muscles and improves the aerobic system. Could do time trials when on the way there and back and try to improve my time each day.  Afternoon  Go to the sports centre and first do a certain sport like badminton, racket ball or swimming etc as this will work on the aerobic system. After doing this go to the gym and do whichever circuit you have been given by the trainer. Should hopefully work on aerobic/cardiovascular system, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. EveningNothing: go and play with your friends or just rest!  Saturday  Bike ride: aim to do 3 hours bike ride around Froyle, Bentley, Binsted etc (suggestions only) and pace yourself to reach the 3 hours. Dont worry about getting up to early because its a Saturday and your next activity is at 14:30; but dont forget lunch! Afternoon  Go to the park to play football or basketball at the park. This way you can enjoy yourself whilst doing an aerobic activity with some anaerobic working (sprints etc) could also go and find the boat and go rowing down the river and work on your upper body strength so undercuts will be easier to save. Row down to Binsted or further. Could also go cycling. Aim to be working for at least 5 hours. Evening  Weights: Firstly do 150 bicep curls, 15 sets of 10 reps as this will help with me stick and glove save. Next do 40 quad thrusts (I think thats what theyre called!) as this will help with my kick in hockey and let me clear the ball further and faster. Afterwards do 90 (9 sets of 10 reps) sit-ups with the 22 lb dumbbells as this will help keep the correct head, knee, tip-toe position throughout the whole match. Lastly do 50 (5 sets of 10 reps) press-ups as this will help with muscles around the arms and the arm muscles. Sunday  Morning  Nothing to do! Stay in bed or get up and do whatever.  Afternoon  Go to the sports centre and first do a certain sport like badminton, racket ball or swimming etc as this will work on the aerobic system. After doing this go to the gym and do whichever circuit you have been given by the trainer. Should hopefully work on aerobic/cardiovascular system, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Disaster preparation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disaster preparation - Assignment Example rs, yet, a large percentage of them are not well prepared for disasters due to several reasons such as the legal structure or the lack of proper emergency systems. All RNs have an ethical duty and responsibility to ensure that the patients’ health are safeguarded and thus for this reason, they play a significantly important role in disaster management. In this context, the paper will discuss both the various disaster management plans that nurses have at home and at work, and the challenges faced by nurse volunteers during cases of community wide disasters. The nature of disasters require that RNs and other health practitioners to respond quickly in order to save number of lives. RNs with no plans in place to cater for their own needs such as family and pets can have a relatively hard time in participating or carrying out their ethical obligations during disasters. For instance, when the Hurricane Katrina occurred, many RNs ignored and aborted their work obligation so as to care for their families and homes, and thus the casualties were exposed to even more danger of losing their lives. In a bid to increase preparedness, nurses should ensure that they have disaster kits at home, in cars and even at their workplace. This could enable people to be treated at various places thus easing congestion that is usually witnessed in hospitals during disasters. Equally important, the government and other agencies have a duty to ensure that nurses feel assured that their families are protected and safe during disasters and calamities. One way that the RNs can have assurance about their families protection is by working coherently with them to ensure that the public, including children, have attained the knowledge and skills required for coping in disaster. For instance, children and adolescents can be engaged in activities such as formulating and exercising preparedness plans, preparing and learning how to use disaster kits, familiarizing with school emergency procedures and

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Human Resource Law - Scenario Two Research Paper

Human Resource Law - Scenario Two - Research Paper Example Secondly, the dismissal process should be implemented as soon as possible, as delaying the process may lead to the development of resentment among the employees, which is not good for the business. It should also be noted that firing 3 out of 8 employees will be discharging 37.5 percent of the workforce. Based on the provisions of the US department of labor, discharging more than 33 percent of the employees should come after a 60 days’ on-paper notice to the affected employees. Therefore, this implies that the firm must meet this condition – so as to avoid legal action. From serving them with the notice, the firm will avoid suits for unemployment benefits (American Bar Association, 2006). The evaluation of the employees to be discharged should also involve a review of the personnel memoranda and the policy manual, to ensure that any vague assurances or promises are eliminated. In the area of defining specific cause for discharge, disclaimers should be placed to reaffirm that even if the expected standards are not met, continued employment will be ‘at will’ and termination can be done without cause (American Bar Association, 2006). ... The employees to be discharged The first one is Diane. Her cause for discharge will be her minor attendance problems – which she attributes to the sickness of children or other personal matters. However, it is expected that she may file a lawsuit seeking to get unemployment benefits and compensation after dismissal. Following the suit, the firm should present all information on prior warnings, applicable statements and witness statements. Through presenting this information, it will be proved that she violated the policies on lateness and that according to the employment agreement, she signed against the offense – especially in the case of repeat offenses (Barmby, Orme, & Treble, 1991). However, it should be noted that the grounds for firing her are not gross enough to warrant her refusal to unemployment benefits. What she would need to prove, so as to win the case of discrimination, would include that she served the company for more than five years, and that no other o ffense could be traced from her record. From proving that her actions did not amount to gross misconduct, which injures the interests of the company substantially, she can win the case. The company can increase its chances of winning the case, by offering her a 60-day notice before firing her; or offer her warnings, which if she defies, they can now prove that she violated the warnings (American Bar Association, 2006). The second employee to be fired is Greg. The grounds for firing him include that his absence at work on Saturdays and Sundays has caused a burden to the firm and other employees, which constitutes minimal burden over the business of the employer. Following his absence on weekends, the firm has had to make reasonable changes to the work environment, especially

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Film responses 13 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film responses 13 - Movie Review Example The jump cut shows Antoine in the bathroom. He wipes the mirror and there is a voice-over of the teacher saying: â€Å"I deface the classroom walls.† The voice-over is a distancing technique. It helps people to think about the kind of boy that Antoine is and the kind of life that he has than feel for him as a delinquent. When his father appears in the mirror to show his socks with many holes, it shows the theme of mixing genres, of including comedy in a dramatic moment. This is part of the auteur theory where Truffaut includes small things that matter to a leisure narrative development, especially the wit and charm of the characters. Try to make a point of not choosing opening scenes or scenes that are featured on You Tube.When you find a scene that clearly shows French New Wave technical & thematic elements--note those elements as you  describe each scene in vivid detail--using film terms whenever appropriate.  Remember--its always easiest to work your way chronologically through the scene--describing what you see as the narrative unfolds.   Important--Make sure you also extend your description into a discussion of the purpose and/or effect of various technical or elements of mise-en-scene choices. The assignment this week will help prepare you for next weeks

Friday, November 15, 2019

Drug Trafficking in the US: Causes and Effects

Drug Trafficking in the US: Causes and Effects Drug Trafficking is a growing epidemic that faces are great nation and fragile borders every day. The United States has been fighting this battle for decades and there seems no end in sight. When will enough be enough and when will we see change across the United States to stop the drug trafficking problems? Every day in the news there is a headline about drugs and how the prison population is growing because of drugs. Something has to be done and done soon before we run out of money and cant support the War on Drugs anymore and it rules are society at a level that we cannot control. This paper will analyze the different issues of drug trafficking that we are having in America. In America, drug trafficking has become an increased problem and is continually on the rise even since the time when President Nixon established the famous phrase War on Drugs in 1968. Drug trafficking is defined and consists of selling or distributing illegal drugs. In the 1960s this was a known but was referred to as recreational use and there was not much done to put a stop to it. This problem has produced a global network of illegal acts that has taken over communities all over the globe and even in the backyards of some of our own communities here in America. It is important that we analyze the issues, look at the pros and cons of the prevention and control measures and decide what the next move for America will be on the War on Drugs. According to US Legal the federal government has given out guidelines for sentencing to state and local officials that forbids the manufacture, import, export, distribution, or dispensing of a controlled substance or the possession of a controlled substance. Although drugs have been around for many decades it wasnt until the 1960s when the government started to crack down on the use. There was a sudden increase in the 1960s in the use of marijuana, amphetamines, and psychedelics were the government had to finally step and try and take control. One of the most known acts to put a stop to the drug trade would be in 1973 when the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) was developed. The DEAs mission statement today is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States, or any other competent jurisdiction, those organizations and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufac ture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illicit traffic in the United States; and to recommend and support non-enforcement programs aimed at reducing the availability of illicit controlled substances on the domestic and international markets. Drug trafficking is one of the most extensive operations worldwide with bringing in billions of dollars annually. These operations are led by sophisticated organizations that have no regard of laws or rules. One of the most recent countries in todays news that is having a huge influence in the drug trade is Mexico. The New York Times says that more than 28,000 people have been killed since the new president Felipe Calderà ³n started to tackle the drug trade in Mexico. In 2006 the Mexican president started an offence to stop the drug trade in Mexico by sending his troops and police force out into battle against the drug cartels but wanted the United States to be held responsible for its actions since Americans are the ones that influence the drug trade with the high demand. If the demand is low then the supply would have to be low, so therefore the United States has to figure out how to reduce the demand and stop the supply. Two of the main methods of drug trafficking are sea and air. During the early 1980s drug trafficking pilots were flying to South America and brining the shipments back to America for distribution. These pilots were getting paid thousands of dollars and had little to worry about because of sophisticated approaches of bypassing the law. One of the most recognized cases of air drug trafficking is the Devoe Airlines which was busted by the DEA in 1984. They DEA discovered that Devoe Airlines was responsible for one of the biggest drug bust of Cocaine they had ever seen. Jack Devoe was the CEO and leader of the smuggling plan that would fly to South American and then fly back into the states and distribute the drugs back to the cartels. Obviously after the DEA caught onto their plan the airlines was shut down and Jack Devoe was convicted. The DEA has become a powerful organization of stopping the drug trade which operates over land, sea, and air. This did not happen overnight this was a p rocess that started with trial and error. The DEA experienced the use of planes in the 1970s has a means to stop drug trafficking since drug traffickers had no means of boundaries. Using air has a means to stop the drug traffickers was a success and the DEA increased their fleet fast. According to the DEA museum there were 41 Pilots and 24 planes working in the U.S. in 1973. Drug trafficking on the seas is one of the oldest trades and smuggling drugs into the ports of American cities is an overgrowing problem. The DEA works with the Coast Guard on an everyday occurrence to stop the drug trafficking on the seas. The DEA has a hard job especially since the supply and demand is always on the rise and the criminals are always thinking of new ways to outmaneuver the law. In 1988 the White House created the National Drug Control Policy which came from the Anti-drug abuse act. The Office of National Drug Control Policy states the following goals: The goals of the program are to reduce illicit drug use, manufacturing, and trafficking, drug-related crime and violence, and drug-related health consequences. (http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov) One of the programs that this agency created was the High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area Program (HIDTA) which provides federal assets to areas that are hit hard with drug trafficking. Basically areas that are seen has a treat for drug trafficking are allowed to use this program to stop drug related problems and they can also share information throughout the different law enforcement agencies. The DEA and National Drug Control Agency are just a few agencies that provide resources and law enforcement which are trying to crack down on the ever-growing drug trafficking problem. With their hard work and determination to stop these problems they are faced with countless issues that bring their operations to a sluggish halt every day. One of the most overlooked and not taken serious issues is analyzing the statistics of the prison population and a federal commission program that can set forth new polices that can make changes to the criminal justice laws with political oversight. Here are a few interesting statistics of the prison population: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2009) states Current illicit drug use among persons aged 12 or older varied by race/ethnicity in 2008, with the lowest rate among Asians (3.6 percent). Rates were 14.7 percent for persons reporting two or more races, 10.1 percent for blacks, 9.5 percent for American Indians or Alaska Natives, 8.2 percent for whites, 7.3 percent of Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders, and 6.2 percent for Hispanics. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration states there are racial disparities in the rates of drug arrests which conclude in high racial imbalances among incarcerated drug offenders. They say that two-thirds of drug arrests result in a criminal conviction but many convicted drug offenders are sentenced to incarceration: an estimated 67 percent of convicted felony drug defendants are sentenced to jail or prison. The criminal justice system that we have set in place now is making America which only has 5% of the population in the world have the highest incarceration rate in the world. Changes need to happen in the Criminal Justice system when it comes to sentencing drug offenders. A few of the hot topics that prevent the stopping of drug trafficking are Mexico, Demand, and Legalization. These issues are deep and routed with great deliberation that have not been resolved and are having a huge influence on the drug trade every day. The Mexican Drug War is a war that is taking place in Mexico where the government is fighting the Drug Cartels which is trying to prevent the drug trafficking. Drug Trafficking has existed in Mexico for a long time now but in the recent decades it has become very noticeable with the drug cartels gaining power and control. The Council of Foreign Relations stats that there have been more than 2,500 drug cartel related deaths in 2007, and more than 4,000 deaths in 2008. These drug cartels are ruthless with their actions has they are bringing local battles to the streets of innocent citizens and making it a turf war. The Mexican police have not gained any ground in stopping them has the local Mexican-US border towns are becoming more devastated from the drug trafficking every day. The State Department stated in 2008 that that 90% of the cocaine smuggled into the United States came across the Mexican border. The ruthlessness of this crisis is Mexico reached an all time peak in 2006 and has been on the rise. The drug cartels are using violence that is only seen in times of war such has beheading anyone that opposes there power. The cartels have it out especially for the police, media, and government officials. It was reported in 2008 that the Mexican federal police chief was killed by drug cartels during a drug bust. Since the Mexican military has been deployed inside their country with trying to stop the growing cartels power it has been though through many public forums that this is only a quick solution to the problem. Although there hasnt been any other real solutions brought to the table and when the Mexican President was elected he had to act quickly. One of his only choices was by sending troops into the cities to stop the violent behavior. Through the past couple years since the military deployment in Mexico and the growing violence some officials have brought to light some new tactics on the military involvement. Once the military was deployed it brought the media into the actions which brought a world presence. The media was able to shed light on how bad the crime truly was and how bad the drug trafficking was becoming in the Mexico-US border towns. Some of the attention that has taken places has been the following: Judicial transformation in Mexico that brought forth a speedy process trial used in a speedy warrant case. These small groups of judges can act quickly with allowing the evidence to be new and the sentencing to be fast. They also created a criminal database and a group of police officials that will track future criminals and their actions. Mexico has also been on the rise in the extraditing process since 2006 of cartel criminals from the United States. One of the most recognized contributions in fighting the war on drugs in Mexico is the Merida Initiative. The Merida Initiative is an agreement that President Calderon and President George W. Bush put into effect in stopping the narcotics trade in Mexico and United States. The challenge that was presented to President Bush was that Mexico was producing over 18 tons of heroin, and 16,000 tons of Marijuana which was recorded in 2007. The drug trade was creating a profit of over $13-$25 billion dollars and over 500,000 people in Mexico where involved in some type of drug trade operation. President Calderon also explained that must of the drug lords where arming themselves with American Guns that came across the American borders into Mexico. Posing these problems to the United States congress acted by responded with the different types of aid. There was over $465 million dollars spent in 2008 in the first phase of the Merida Initiative, mostly all of the money was spent in Mexico but there were some other countries in South America that also received money as well. President Caldron greatly appreciated the aid from the United States to help fight the war on drugs but he has also identified many problems with in his own country that has an enormous effect on the drug trafficking. Some of the problems that the Mexico President is fighting are corruption, Judicial Reform, money laundering, and border security. There are many skeptics across the nation that are saying that it is going to take too long for the President Caldron to fix his country much less the drug trafficking that is effecting the borders. Time will only tell how well the Merida Initiative is going to affect the drug trade but at least its action and something is being done about it. One of the overlooked problems in drug trafficking is that the majority of buyers of the drug trade are coming within the United States. If we looked at this closely we could make the assumption that the drug cartels would be out of business if the demand was low or there was no demand at all. Therefore has long has the demand is high there is going to be business in America. Its all about the supply and demand. Overtime since the war on drugs has taken place the supply has increased and the demand has grown off the charts. We can control the borders all we want but has long as there are consumers of a drug they will find ways to get it, especially since its a drug that alters the mind in the first place. According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy in 2009, 104 million Americans age 12 or older have tried Marijuana at least once, which is 41.5% of the US Population. There are many statistics and data that show the demand for drugs in the United States and around the world , so until we solve the problem of the demand then there will always be one around. One of the raised topics in our society today about the demand of drugs and the drug trade is to end the prohibition of illegal drugs. If we made drugs legal then the drug cartels would be out of business and then the government could control the product and tax the product. Basically instead of focusing all of the attention on the supply and how to stop the drug supply the government would not have to spend hardly any money, but yet would make money off of taxing the drugs. If one could only imagine gangs, and drug cartels going out of business because they lose their biggest revenue what would the world be like? Not all drugs would be legal but drugs such as marijuana could become legal without much backlash. Once the government makes it legal and starts to make money off of the taxes than they could reinvest the money back into programs that fight against using the drug, just like fighting smoking and alcohol abuse. With crime on the rise and drug trafficking coming from Mexico the hot topic on the table is should we just go ahead and legalize marijuana like the Netherlands did. There are some pessimistic views with making this type of change though by looking at other countries such as Netherlands and seeing how it works there. According to the druglibrary.org the government doesnt really make anything of taxing marijuana because majority of the crime and unemployed come from using the legalized drug. The government in the Netherlands spends millions of dollars on welfare which relate to the high drug use by the citizens. The Netherlands states that one of the reasons that they legalized marijuana was to stop drug trafficking and to reduce the harm to the citizens. Although they keep a strict enforcement on the drugs that are allowed it has seemed to just put a band-aid on the problem with no real solution. Obviously just fighting the supply is not really making a huge difference to the drug tr afficking in America because the demand is still high in effect. If the legalization of marijuana was to take place it is believed that the demand would go up even higher because the risk for buying the drug would be out of the picture. With no risk of getting in trouble than more people would want to purchases the product. The government could control the supply by taxing at certain prices high or low depending on how the revenues look. If it was made legal there would have to be a lot of laws that would have to be put in place to control the abuse of the product for instance like alcohol. There is unlimited amount of data that states that drugs are terrible and that drugs lead to crimes, so has much as we want to debate the hot topic of legalization it will cause the war on drugs to become even a bigger disaster than it all ready is. Here are a few concerning quotes from interesting sources around the nation on their views of legalization. The Journal of the American Medical Association in 1994 reports that cocaine use is linked to high rates of homicide in New York City and that homicide victims may have provoked violence through irritability, paranoid thinking or verbal and physical aggression which are known to be pharmacologic effects of cocaine. The Department of Justice Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) program underscores the crime-drugs link. Of a sample of males arrested in 23 U.S. cities in 1993, the percent testing positive for at least one drug in the DUF survey ranged from 54% in Omaha to 81% in Chicago. Among female arrestees, the percent testing positive for any drug in 20 cities ranged from 42% in San Antonio to 83% in Manhattan. All legalization will do is increase the use and the crime to unseen ratios that have ever been seen before. With this being said there are groups or organizations such as the LEAP (Law Enforcement Against Prohibition) that are willing and wanting to legalize all drugs. Their attitude is to stop prohibition of all drugs in order to stop the drug trafficking problems and bring safety to the citizens. The topic of legalization is being broadcasted all through Congress and the White House even during a YouTube the LEAP had the highest rated questions on legalization for the President Obama to answer which is he does not agree with. There are many views on this topic and there are good points on both sides of the fences but something needs to be done. What needs to happen is fight the war on drugs and stop the drug trafficking problem in America. We need to increase the environment around us with positive effects to increase the positives outcomes. Over the past few decades the United States has established all types of different control measures to stop the drug trade in America and abroad. For instance we have all types of laws that fit each type of drug and the penalties for having these drugs on you can cost you many years behind bars. For example cocaine, if you have a second offense charge you will get no less than 10 years behind bars, or a second offense of trafficking marijuana could cost you no less than 20 years in prison. If these laws are so strict why do Americans take the risk in using a drug that could cost them so much time behind bars? Under the US Code Offenses and Penalties there are over 24 sections that relate to drug charges and trafficking. This control measures are serious but yet the trafficking is gaining ground every day. The most well known control measure that has been in place for a while now, but has gained media attention lately is the establishment of US Customs and Border Control which falls under the Homeland Security Agency. One of the main missions that the Border Control has to deal with is stopping narcotics from entering the United States. A news release was issued in October 2010 stating that the Border Patrol in Arizona seized more than 580 pounds of crystal methamphetamine  worth over $535,500 depending on the location that it is sold in. That same day they had another incident where they seized more than 570 pounds of marijuana worth over $455,000. This shows that the drug trade is alive and well all around the borders. The border control is a method of stopping the drug trafficking problem with in the United States but there is a lot of improvement that can be done in this area to ensure more drugs get off the streets. It is amazing that we has the United States are first to go and fight and win hearts and minds in countries abroad but yet we have a growing epidemic of drugs taking place in the United States where it has been labeled a war on drugs. We have only sent 1200 National Guard troops to the borders to help assist the Border Patrol agents in the past year. That is a start but if we started to take care of our own country a little more compared to rebuilding nations that feel has if we should not be in there country then maybe, just maybe the progress on the drug trade would start to decline. Maybe each state should be deploying there National Guard assets to their borders and start fighting the drug cartels on the borders in relationship with the Border Patrol, and let them know we are not playing games. Although this would not be a long term fix to the situation we would need one because drugs will still be around, and the cartels will just find new ways to maneuver the drugs in and out of America. The cost alone would not be something the United States would be able to maintain for a long period of time so it might be a good idea just to use the money to educate, build national treatment centers, and reform drug incarceration. If we started to reform these ideas with the money that we are spending in other countries and the failed war on drugs across the border then we might lower the demand which will take away jobs in the drug cartels and the supply would decrease because of the demand. Education on drugs has been around for decades now with one of the most well known programs being D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education). D.A.R.E is an officer lead program that is established in the public school districts where officers give class room lectures to students on drugs and how they can negatively affect you. The program used to be a well funded program and was gaining national attention across America but over recent years it has lost its enthusiasm throughout the schools. Although this is not the case in Oklahoma were it leads all states in D.A.R.E programs in schools. Education on drugs at an early age is vitally important to the success of our students since drugs are on all the streets that are kids are surrounded by. The peer pressure to try drugs has been happening at a younger and younger age every year. If we can educate more kids on the negative effects of drugs and increase the positive recreation activities for kids then we might see a decline in drug abuse. According to D.A.R.E in 2006 more than 2.1 million teens abused prescription drugs and  most teens get these drugs from friends and family. One of growing epidemic drugs in schools our anabolic steroids which reached a peak use in 2002 and has been growing ever since. Then there is alcohol use amongst kids at an early age and is usually the gateway drug that leads into many more drugs such marijuana, ecstasy, and cocaine. The Office of National Drug Control Policy has established some educational programs throughout the country that are to increase positive environments for kids and to educate kids on drugs. These programs include Boys and Girls Club, D.A.R.E, Drug Free Communities Support Program, Drugs and Sports, and Office of Safe and Drug Free Schools just to name a few programs that the government supports. Another very interesting program is the American Council for Drug education which is a substance abuse and prevention program that bases there information on the most recent data on drugs and creates material for education purposes. These programs are great and it does deter away some students from the use of drugs but not all and that is way drug use is growing at such a fast pace, so more needs to be done instead of just having these educational programs. A few ideas would be to implement a drug abuse class that students have to participate in once a year or they can choose to participate in it as taking as a elective and it can go towards there diploma. Then there is the idea of starting a mentor program to start mentoring younger students in the school districts and holding kids more responsible for their actions. Kids need good role models to follow and if there are positive kids in schools that are willing to be a mentor to a younger student in the schools then we should allow this to happen. The program would be a big sister or big brother program and would allow the older students for instance the high school students to mentor the middle school students once they have meet certain criteria and have not had any discipline actions against them. Then if the program works then would could start having college students mentoring high school kids in all areas. This would allow kids to see goals and allow them to have something to work towards. They would have someone a little older to talk to besides their parents but someone that they could relate to in a positive way. A lot of times we allow are kids to go through school defending for their self and allowing their role models come from TV. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has lead a ground breaking information fact sheet that highlights the good and the bad among drug statistics in schools. One of their positive findings in school age kids is the decline of cigarette use among kids and is at the lowest point in history. This is fantastic news since cigarette use is also labeled a gateway drug and is one of the most addictive drugs on the market. One of their areas of concerns in High Schools is the use of marijuana, and prescription drugs which is still increasing every day. One of the best ways to treat this growing problem is to infiltrate the poorer communities with highly funded educational programs that fight against drug use. Education and how we teach are younger generations will be vital if we plan on having a bright future of success in the Unites States. A lot of people will argue that the gang population is growing and is increasing in these poorer neighborhoods around America and are corrupting the scho ols and the education programs. This is where the federal government should help fund state programs and increase the local police departments and start shutting down gangs on the streets. We need to start a surge of police on the streets now in order to get a hold of the violence and growing drug problem. Gangs are the main distributors of drugs in the United States and street gangs are the managers of local organization crime that has the influence of drug control in local neighborhoods. There are currently over 21,500 gangs and with over 731,000 members in the United States. According to a 2001 Department of Justice survey, 20 percent of students aged 12 through 18 reported that street gangs had been present at their school during the previous 6 months. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) claims that 27 percent of public school students aged 12 to 17 attend schools that are both gang and drug-infected. This shows that 5.7 million students attend schools which are both gang and drug dominated around America. The relationship of gangs and drugs is an epidemic monster that must be crushed now in order to stop drug trafficking. One of the interesting points that the CASA points out is the relationship between public and private schools and how drug use is more pr evalent among public school children then private school children. Protecting are education system must be protected and the government needs to ensure this is happening with a reformation act that sets forth new polices and laws that can do this. We need to flood the education system with money and highly educated teachers that can handle and maintain the education system with the growing violence on the streets of education. Once we dismantle the gang population then the drug trafficking will decrease. The focus should start in poor rural communities first and then spread to the inner cities. The focal point should be on rebuilding schools, community buildings, job growth, and helping the youth become more flexible and adaptive. We do this and change will begin to grow like a wild flower among are communities and change is what we need to stop the drug war. One of the other approaches that we need to try is building more drug treatment centers among are communities with a community based outlook. We take the drug abusers off the streets that want help, apply them with education and a fresh start to society, and then give them the tools to make it on their own. We need these centers all over, and we need to look at attaching these centers to public schools allowing are youth to get help with the option of not receiving backlash from parents. Drug treatment centers provide rehabilitation services for all types of drug abuses and addictions. We should allow these centers to work in partnership with local police stations to find the people that need or want help instead of locking them up in the prison system and then making the matters worse once they are released. The prison system shouldnt be used as a drug rehabilitation center for society but used to lock criminals up that have committed horrible crimes. Prisons are not equipped with t he right resources to conquer the quest of drug rehabilitation, so we need to conquer this on the streets before they end up in prison. We know that these treatment centers work and so do the drug cartels. The Washington Post wrote an article on the Mexican cartels and how they have taken over some of the treatment centers in Mexico and using them has a recruitment center for drug addicts. These treatment centers need to be a nationally protected and funded program by the government so we can keep these gangs out of the way of helping people that want help. Reformation of laws and regulation are one of the hottest debated issues in the criminal justice system especially when it comes to sending people to prison and they way we go about helping individuals. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) states their mission statement as: Drug Law Reform Projects goal is to end punitive drug policies that cause the widespread violation of constitutional and human rights, as well as unprecedented levels of incarceration. The ACLU fights for individuals that are serving time in prison for non violent crimes and trying to get them released by trying to get the President involved. One of the most informative and interesting organizations that are fighting for reform is the Drug Sense organization which a nonprofit organization informing the community as a database of articles that show information that pertains to the war on drugs. Reformation needs to take place in drug laws, and prisons around the United States, because our laws are outdated and are prison system is outdated as well. Prison reform is needed to improve the system and rehabilitation process to have a more effective system for the new generation ahead. Right now are system is working against us with overcrowding, and repeat offender population. We need to build are prison to rehabilitate the ones that want to be rehabilitated and build prisons for individuals that cause harm separate from others. We need to separate these individuals once they are introduced into the prison system. If we do this we stop certain crimes from being committed and we also have a chance of stopping repeat offenders. Right now our prisons are overcrowded and we are intermixing everyone together even the weak with the strong and the system is becoming corrupt and the weak ones are becoming prey. The system must allow these criminal minds to be used in a positive way so when they are released they can bring something back to society in a positive way. If we increase the manual labor that inmates have to perform each day instead of sitting in the cell for 23 hours of the day then we might be able to save money at the state and federal level. It would also give the inmates something to do and give them the chance to clear their thoug

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Italian comedy

Commiedia dell arte is a well known as a Italian comedy, this type of drama was highly popular during the 16th century. This act was usually performed on the side of the streets or in court venues. But the better acts and the more popular actors/ actress played in front of the kings and queens. But as most acts were performed on temporary stages on the side of stress the heavy relied on props and different costumes. The obvious objective was to make people laugh, as they had no TV or PlayStation’s back then they needed something to entertain them.The audience was able to pick up from each character’ dress the type of person he was representing. The use a lot of mask, props and always over exaggerate thing to make it funny. Commedia dell arte introduced actresses for the first time ever in theatre history, and that has a pretty big impact on today’s theatre. The most known modern day interpreters of the commedia tradition are the san Francisco mime troupe. Epic th eatre come widely popular around world was one.By the names of Max Reinhardt, Erwin Piscator, and most especiall) Bertolt Brecht. This style of thearte started up in Berlin during the ill-fated German â€Å"Weimar Republic† of the 1920s and early 1930s. After the rise of Hitler Brecht and other epic theater practioners were forced to flee persecution and arrest by the Gestapo, the style spread to the United States and Great Britain. Brecht wanted his audience to remain aware of what was really happening, he was very clear on how he wanted the audience to act.The focus of epic drama was to making the drama realistic, making people feel like they can relate to the performance, so they can understand what is happening. He Brecht would love to narrate every character because he believed that if he did so that the audience would relate better to the character and would have a better understanding. Epic theatre has had a massive influence in the western theater as in Britain how th ey became evident In the playwright of john Arden. Meldrama has a long history going back to the 18th and 19th century.Melodrama is a act the shows evil over come by good. Right through the play or tv show the character wont change the whole time, it will either be evil or it will be good. Melodrama is a Greek word melo meaning music and drama refers to a deed. The earliest uses of melodrama was late 1700s and early 1800s, but it was in the late19s century where melodramatic elements was taken to a whole new level. Rene Charles, Guilbert de Pixerecourt lived a melodramatic life and funneled it in to his plays. MELODRAMA EPIC DRAMA COMMIDEDIA DELL ARTE

Sunday, November 10, 2019

The Discipline And Discharge Of Employees

Discipline, in the context of a work place, can be defined as the act of implementing acceptable behavior in wayward employees to create a comfortable working environment. Discharge of an employee means to dismiss him or her from their job. The discipline and discharge of employees tends to be a thorny issue at any work place. No person really wants to be told they are wrong or that they are lagging behind in their work, that they do not show team spirit or are rude to colleagues and disrespectful to those in charge.Just as there are guidelines on how to handle other issues that may arise at work, there are also guidelines on how to discipline and discharge employees. Though they are generally tenacious duties to carry out, with the right approach, it can be done without leaving one feeling like the offender. Approaches to discipline at the work place There are four major areas which cost employers the most when it comes to discipline. These are namely, absenteeism, wasted time, subs tance abuse and pilfering (Levine, 1998). The objectives of discipline are basically accepted as good.They are accepted as being vital to the work place. Discipline is necessary to promote the health and safety of all employees, to protect company property, to ensure steady production and to create a pleasant working environment. The controversy comes about in how should these disciplinary measures be taken (Levine, 1998). There are two approaches that can be taken toward employee discipline, that of being lax on the rules without clearly outlining what they are to create a freer atmosphere or that of letting employees know all the rules and the penalties for violating them.Though management can argue that outlining all the dos and don’ts will make their employees feel as though they are children who cannot tell between right and wrong, it has been shown that taking the lax approach is detrimental to a good working environment. In the case of a lawsuit, the employer stands to lose if there are no formal and written documents outlining the discipline code expected by the employer. Again, the relaxing of rules gives a green light to mutinous employees who will incite a good number into a sort of rebellion.And again, the lack of a written statement that covers various violations and accorded remonstrations may make employees think that they might misbehave without being punished (Levine, 1998). When it comes to employee discipline, management can borrow a leaf from educators who believe that there should be a middle ground. This means that discipline should not be taken to extremes with rigid unbendable rules and constant monitoring. The message that should be passed across to the employees is that there is a limit to their expression and behavior which affects not only themselves but the rest of their team.They must also be made to understand that their bad behavior brings down the whole team and there are consequences for misbehavior which they must face (Levine, 1998). The written rules should not take on a confrontational tone. Rather, they should sound like they solely have the employee’s welfare in mind. On the other hand the rules should not sound apologetic. The wording should not bring about any ambiguity. Let the statements be simple and to the point with the offense and punishments clearly outlined (Levine, 1998). Though there may be general rules to offenses, it is best to treat each case of misconduct as an isolated incident.Management has to consider under what circumstance the rules were broken. For example if an employee is an hour late for work an investigation has to be done into his late coming to see if it is justifiable. The employer has to consider also the employee’s record of time keeping thus determining what disciplinary action to take (Levine, 1998). It is paramount that the punishment stipulated for any misdeed should be to make the employee see his mistake. Never should a punishment be given for the sake of punishing. An employee should be able to learn from his error as the employer stresses on the mistake, not the person who has made it.The punishment should also be equitable to the offense being neither too grievous nor too light (Levine, 1998). Finally there should be no favorism shown by the employer when it comes to meting out punishment. All employees should be punished accordingly when on the wrong. If there are signs that some employees are getting off too lightly, there will be resentments held amongst the workers. This will not create amiable working environment (Levine, 1998). What is thornier than disciplining an employee is discharging one. There is just no easy way of informing a person that his employment is being terminated.The ex-employee may feel aggravated to the point of filing a lawsuit. How does an employer minimize the probability of being taken to court or in the event of that happening and prove he fired his employee on perfectly legal grounds ? There are cases where employers discharge employees on personal reasons, discriminating on grounds of sex, religion, color, race, age or physical disability. If an employee is fired on these grounds, he has the right to sue, as long as he can convince the court that he was wronged. On the other hand, an employer can fire his employee with due process and respect.The correct way of going about this is to inform the employee of what is expected of him, in detail. If he shows deficiencies, inform him in detail how he can upgrade his performance. The employer should give a verbal warning for misconduct followed by a written warning, a suspension and finally discharge. At no point should the employer show contempt toward his employee. The employer should also keep detailed records of the employers misdemeanor in the case that a lawsuit is filed by the employee. With the proper guidelines and attitude, an employer can instill the required discipline in his workers without raising aggres sion or hostility.It is important that the employer lead by example to encourage his employees to follow suit. With discipline, there is a relaxed working atmosphere and greater output seen. Disciplinary policies and procedures We have already what disciplinary problems are that may be experienced at work and divided them into four broad categories: absenteeism, time wasting, substance abuse and pilfering. Though the employee is free to choose the mode of punishment, there are general policies that are used to outline these punishments.It is the intent of any disciplinary policy to anticipate possible acts of violation of company policy and to encourage employees to change their behavior before it becomes chronic or intolerable leaving discharge as the only viable option (Normand, 2006). The first thing that management must ensure in implementing policies is to keep up consistency. Employees do complain of their bosses as being ‘unpredictable’ and ‘capricious†™. This may be because of having no formally written out rules and regulations outlining the punishments for wrongdoing.It may also be because of leniency or favorism on the employer’s part. Disciplinary policies should be adhered to without regard to friendship or family ties. It should be noted that the punishment policies include all personnel all the way up to management (Normand, 2006). There are stages in notifying an employee of his misconduct depending on the grievousness of the offense and the number of times the offense has been repeated in the past by said employee. The first can be done verbally then in written form followed by a suspension if need be and ultimately a dismissal.For small offenses, the employee can give up to four repeats with a graver consequence for each repeat. No the other hand, an offense as grave as possession of or working under the influence of controlled substances could and should be met with an outright discharge (Normand, 2006). Since in the present day, employee lawsuits seem to be the norm, it is imperative that written warnings given to the employee and duly signed by the offended and the offensive party be kept as part of the employee’s record for future reference (Normand, 2006).In summary, when implementing disciplinary policies at work, make it clear to the employee what his mistake is, give appropriate punishment in accordance with the misdemeanor. Punishment must be administered within an acceptable time limit, ensuring that it is not delayed as its impact will be significantly reduced. Importantly above all, keep written records in case a dismissal boomerangs in the company’s face. Managerial ethics in employee relations Ethics is the learning process of differentiating between right and wrong and making the decision to do the right thing.But is this case really applicable at the work place? Are there not a lot of grey areas where the line between right and wrong is too thin? Business eth ics generally can mean to know what is right or wrong in the workplace and choosing to do what is right, this being in regard of products, services and relationships. The role of business ethics is to help managers know how to react when ethical issues arise (McNamara, 1997). Managing ethics has several benefits for both the employee and the employer and employee in the work place.In times of rapid change like the times we live in, business ethics act as a moral compass for management, making it easier to make right and moral decisions. Ethics also play a role in cultivating strong teamwork and discipline by aligning employee discipline towards those behaviors that their employers want. By having open dialogue with employees that the management wants, feelings of integrity and trust are built, features that are essential in building a strong team spirit (McNamara, 1997). Ethics policies also help employees grow as individuals.It helps them face reality, both good and bad, about them selves and their work place. It gives them the confidence to admit their mistakes and shortcomings (McNamara, 1997). The ethics programs help identify values that management wants to uphold, then aligns the employees behavior to uphold these values. Indirectly, this leads to higher quality assurance in the products and services delivered by the company, because the employees will pay greater attention to detail. The employees will also put greater value on the client satisfaction and work harder to achieve this (McNamara, 1997).Having an ethics program goes a long way in improving a company’s public image. Potential clients will feel reassured on learning that they will not only get value products but that their interactions with the employees of that company will be conducted with regard to their human dignity and respect for their needs. The word ‘ethicical’ inspires in one the confidence to trust that the person they are dealing with is not out to get the bett er of them. It would work the same way for a company (McNamara, 1997). Having strong workplace ethics has several benefits as has been outlined.Nut how does one an ethical working environment? One, there is the need to recognize that inculcating ethical behavior in employees is a process that takes time. It is said that old habits die hard, thus the employer should not expect employees to ‘unlearn’ bad behaviors overnight. It takes time and patience to get employees to abide by a certain code of ethics (McNamara, 1997). The ethical approach taken by a company should be practical, workable and beneficial. The expected change in behavior should bring a corresponding increase in productivity.The management should work towards integrating ethics management with other management practices so as to show employees that it is given equal weight. This also allows for management to allow their employees to know what ethical behavior is expected of them (McNamara, 1997). Forgivene ss within a company fosters an amenable environment. To err is human and where there are several people involved, there will be mistakes made. It is important that mistakes be recognized as such and be let go off, not bringing them up to the surface whenever there is a disagreement (McNamara, 1997).If a company is to succeed in instilling ethics in its employees, it must develop an appropriate code of conduct. There are essentials that are applied in outlining the code of conduct to be used by the company as guiding its ethical principles (McNamara, 1997). The management has to identify the key behaviors that it wants its employees to develop and then incorporate in the code of conduct. When writing out a code of conduct, use wording that stipulates that the code is to apply to all employees (McNamara, 1997).Before implementing the code of conduct, management should obtain opinions from key people on its workability and its practicality. Management has to distribute written copies o f the code to employees so that they do not give the excuse of ignorance if they are caught in acts that go against recommended behavior (McNamara, 1997). In conclusion, cultivating a healthy working environment is of the greatest essence but it is a challenging task that is full of pitfalls. The employer is charged with this multi faceted task that with the proper guidelines he or she can achieve with minimum damage.